Sustainability & impact

Impact measured against the grid, not against a slogan

Avoided emissions are computed from monthly generation × the country grid emission factor, audited against the SCADA feed, and reported by asset. We do not buy offsets; the only number we report is the CO₂e that did not enter the atmosphere because our plants ran instead of the marginal grid generator.

2.29 Mt
CO₂e avoided per year

Sum across operating assets. Computed from generation × country grid factor.

3.47 TWh
Clean generation per year
6
Operating plants
3
Active countries

Biodiversity

Every site has a biodiversity management plan, audited annually. At agrivoltaic sites (Friesland Solar) we co-locate sheep grazing; at wind sites we operate curtailment windows during avian migration seasons.

Sites with biodiversity plan
100%
Avian curtailment windows
3 sites

Water

Solar plants use robotic dry cleaning where water is scarce (Atacama). Wet cleaning is reserved for sites above 500 mm/year rainfall. Wind and storage sites have negligible operational water use.

Dry-cleaned sites
2 of 3 solar
Annual water use
~ 12 ML

Community

Each operating site contributes to a community benefit fund proportional to capacity. Funds are administered by a local committee and reported annually. We hire locally for O&M roles wherever feasible.

Community fund (annual)
~ $1.2M
Local hires (O&M)
78%

Decommissioning

Every site has a bonded decommissioning plan funded at final investment decision. Solar modules are recycled via cement co-processing; battery cells are returned to the OEM under a 15-year takeback agreement.

Bonded decommissioning
100%
Module recycling route
Cement co-processing

Methodology

  1. Generation data. Monthly net generation per asset, sourced from the SCADA feed and reconciled against the meter.
  2. Emission factor. Country grid emission factor (tCO₂e / MWh), updated annually from the IEA Emissions Factors report. Current factors: AU 0.81, CL 0.42, NL 0.45.
  3. Avoided emissions. Generation × country grid emission factor. This is a location-based calculation; we do not report market-based figures.
  4. Boundaries. Scope 2 (generated electricity) only. Construction-phase emissions are tracked separately and reported in the annual Sustainability Report.

The full methodology is documented in the Sustainability Report 2024.

Read the full report

The Sustainability Report 2024 covers every operating site with site-level biodiversity, water, and community data.

Investor materials